Verbs are one of the major grammatical groups, and all sentences must contain one. Verbs refer to an action (do, break, walk, etc.) or a state (be, like, own).
The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject.
'DO', 'BE' and 'HAVE' are the English auxiliary verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show tense.
DESCRIPTIONS OF ENGLISH AUXILIARY VERBS:
1/ 'DO', 'DON'T', 'DOES' and 'DOESN'T' are used for questions and negatives in the Present Simple Tense, and 'DID' and 'DIDN'T' are used in the Past Simple Tense.
2/ 'BE' is used with the Present Participle in Continuous (Progressive) Verbs. It is also used with the Past Participle in the Passive
3/ 'HAVE' is used with the Past Participle to form the Perfect Aspect.
The verb tense shows the time of the action or state. Aspect shows whether the action or state is completed or not. Voice is used to show relationships between the action and the people affected by it. Mood shows the attitude of the speaker about the verb, whether it is a declaration or an order. Verbs can be affected by person and number to show agreement with the subject.
'DO', 'BE' and 'HAVE' are the English auxiliary verbs used in a negative structure, a question or to show tense.
DESCRIPTIONS OF ENGLISH AUXILIARY VERBS:
1/ 'DO', 'DON'T', 'DOES' and 'DOESN'T' are used for questions and negatives in the Present Simple Tense, and 'DID' and 'DIDN'T' are used in the Past Simple Tense.
2/ 'BE' is used with the Present Participle in Continuous (Progressive) Verbs. It is also used with the Past Participle in the Passive
3/ 'HAVE' is used with the Past Participle to form the Perfect Aspect.
A copula (also spelled copular) verb is a verb that connects the subject to the complement. They are sometimes called linking verbs. EG: That food smells nice.
('Smells' connects the subject to the adjective that describes it.)
The following are the principal Copula Verbs in English that can be used to connect the subject to an adjective:
Be; Look; Feel; Taste; Smell; Sound; Seem; Appear; Get; Become; Grow; Stay; Keep; Turn; Prove; Go; Remain; Resemble; Run; Lie
A Ditransitive Verb is one that takes both a direct object and an indirect object.
EG: He gave her the letter. ('The letter' is the direct object, what he gave, and 'her' is the indirect object, the person he gave it to. This sentence can also be written 'He gave the letter to her'.)
('Smells' connects the subject to the adjective that describes it.)
The following are the principal Copula Verbs in English that can be used to connect the subject to an adjective:
Be; Look; Feel; Taste; Smell; Sound; Seem; Appear; Get; Become; Grow; Stay; Keep; Turn; Prove; Go; Remain; Resemble; Run; Lie
A Ditransitive Verb is one that takes both a direct object and an indirect object.
EG: He gave her the letter. ('The letter' is the direct object, what he gave, and 'her' is the indirect object, the person he gave it to. This sentence can also be written 'He gave the letter to her'.)
A Transitive Verb is one that takes an object.
EG: He opened the door. ('Door' is the object of the action; it is affected by the operation.)
An intransitive verb is one that does not take an object.
EG: They arrived. (The verb does not require an object to complete it.)
They do not have a passive form.
EG: He opened the door. ('Door' is the object of the action; it is affected by the operation.)
An intransitive verb is one that does not take an object.
EG: They arrived. (The verb does not require an object to complete it.)
They do not have a passive form.
An ambitransitive verb can be both transitive and intransitive without changing the verb:
A dynamic verb is one that can be used in the progressive (continuous) aspect, indicating an unfinished action.
EG: She's lying on the bed. (An incomplete action in progress)
- I read my newspaper.
- I always read in bed.
A dynamic verb is one that can be used in the progressive (continuous) aspect, indicating an unfinished action.
EG: She's lying on the bed. (An incomplete action in progress)
The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or singular plural. Non-finite verb forms have no person, tense or number.
I go, she goes, he went - These verb forms are finite.
To go, going - These verb forms are non-finite.
An inchoative verb is a verb that describes a change of state.
EG: The apples ripened. (The apples became ripe.)
EG: He has aged a lot. (He has become old.)
An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for the Past Simple and Past Participle forms. Some irregular verbs do not change; put put put, while others change completely; buy bought bought, etc.
Irregular verbs fall into 5 categories:
The non-finite forms of a verb have no tense, person or singular plural. The infinitive and present and past participles are the non-finite parts of a verb; To do; doing; done
A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for the past simple and past participle (or -d if the verb ends in -e; smoke smoked).
EG: walk walked walked
As regular verbs follow a fixed pattern, there is no irregular verb list in existence.
A performative verb is a verb where saying it or writing it performs the action itself. If you say 'I resign', then saying it performs the act of resignation. In ceremonies like baptism, naming ships, etc, performative verbs are used.
I go, she goes, he went - These verb forms are finite.
To go, going - These verb forms are non-finite.
An inchoative verb is a verb that describes a change of state.
EG: The apples ripened. (The apples became ripe.)
EG: He has aged a lot. (He has become old.)
An irregular verb is one that does not take the -ed ending for the Past Simple and Past Participle forms. Some irregular verbs do not change; put put put, while others change completely; buy bought bought, etc.
Irregular verbs fall into 5 categories:
The non-finite forms of a verb have no tense, person or singular plural. The infinitive and present and past participles are the non-finite parts of a verb; To do; doing; done
A regular verb is one that follows the pattern of taking -ed for the past simple and past participle (or -d if the verb ends in -e; smoke smoked).
EG: walk walked walked
As regular verbs follow a fixed pattern, there is no irregular verb list in existence.
A performative verb is a verb where saying it or writing it performs the action itself. If you say 'I resign', then saying it performs the act of resignation. In ceremonies like baptism, naming ships, etc, performative verbs are used.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity. CAN, COULD, WILL, WOULD, SHALL, SHOULD, OUGHT TO, DARE and NEED are some examples.
eg: I would have told you, if you had wanted me to.
eg: Yes, I can do that.
A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning; 'give up' is a phrasal verb that means 'stop doing' something, which is very different from 'give'. The word or words that modify a verb in this manner can also go under the name particle.
Phrasal verbs can be divided into groups:
Intransitive verbs
These don't take an object
They had an argument, but they've made up now.
Inseparable verbs
The object must come after the particle.
They are looking after their grandchildren.
Separable verbs
With some separable verbs, the object must come between the verb and the particle:
The quality of their work sets them apart from their rivals.
Turn the TV off.
Turn off the TV.
Turn it off.
In our phrasal verb dictionary, we classify these as Separable [optional]
eg: I would have told you, if you had wanted me to.
eg: Yes, I can do that.
A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a preposition or adverb that modifies or changes the meaning; 'give up' is a phrasal verb that means 'stop doing' something, which is very different from 'give'. The word or words that modify a verb in this manner can also go under the name particle.
Phrasal verbs can be divided into groups:
Intransitive verbs
These don't take an object
They had an argument, but they've made up now.
Inseparable verbs
The object must come after the particle.
They are looking after their grandchildren.
Separable verbs
With some separable verbs, the object must come between the verb and the particle:
The quality of their work sets them apart from their rivals.
In our phrasal verb dictionary, we classify these as Separable [obligatory]With some separable verbs, the object can before or after the particle, though when a pronoun is used it comes before the particle:
Turn the TV off.
Turn off the TV.
Turn it off.
In our phrasal verb dictionary, we classify these as Separable [optional]
Stative verbs are verbs that describe a state and consequently the stative verb is not usually used in the progressive aspect, which is used for incomplete actions in progress. STATIVE VERB EXAMPLE:
EG: They own a cottage in Somerset. (The possession is a state and not an action. We cannot write this sentence in the progressive aspect)
EG: They own a cottage in Somerset. (The possession is a state and not an action. We cannot write this sentence in the progressive aspect)
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